هل تبحث عن موضوع أو مقالة باللغة الانجليزية عن بحث عجائب الدنيا السبع The Seven Wonders of the World , هذه المقالة سوف تفي بالغرض لأنها تحتوي على الكثير من الجمل الانجليزية المفيدة والمعلومات المهمة إن كنت تحتاج مقالة باللغة الانجليزية فهذه مقالة انجليزية منهجية وصحيحة وكتبها ناطقون أصليون للغة الانجليزية, سوف تستفيد كذلك من قراءة هذا الموضوع في تعلم الكثير من العبارات الانجليزية المفيدة.
Greek conquest of much of the known world in the 4th century BC gave Hellenistic travellers access to the civilizations of the Egyptians, Persians, and Babylonians.[2] Impressed and captivated by the landmarks and marvels of the various lands, these travellers began to list what they saw.[3] Such a list of these places made it easier to remember them.[4]
Instead of "wonders", the ancient Greeks spoke of "theamata", which means "sights", in other words "things to be seen". (Τὰ ἑπτὰ θεάματα τῆς οἰκουμένης [γῆς] Tà heptà theámata tēs oikoumenēs [gēs]) Later, the word for "wonder" ("thaumata") was used, and this is also the case in modern Greek (Επτά θαύματα του αρχαίου κόσμου).[5] Hence, the list was meant to be the Ancient World's counterpart of a travel guidebook.[2]
Each person had his own version of the list, but the best known and earliest surviving was from a poem by Greek-speaking epigrammist Antipater of Sidon from around 140 BC.[4] He named seven sites on his list, but was primarily in praise of the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus:
I have gazed on the walls of impregnable Babylon along which chariots may race, and on the Zeus by the banks of the Alpheus, I have seen the hanging gardens, and the Colossus of the Helios, the great man-made mountains of the lofty pyramids, and the gigantic tomb of Mausolus; but when I saw the sacred house of Artemis that towers to the clouds, the others were placed in the shade, for the sun himself has never looked upon its equal outside Olympus.
— Antipater, Greek Anthology IX.58
Another 2nd century BC observer, who claimed to be the mathematician Philon of Byzantium,[6] wrote a short account entitled The Seven Sights of the World. However, the incomplete surviving manuscript only covered six of the supposedly seven places, which agreed with Antipater's list.[4]
Earlier and later lists by the historian Herodotus (484 BC–ca. 425 BC) and the architect Callimachus of Cyrene (ca. 305–240 BC), housed at the Museum of Alexandria, survived only as references.
The Colossus of Rhodes was the last of the seven to be completed, after 280 BC, and the first to be destroyed, by an earthquake in 226/225 BC. Hence, all seven existed at the same time for a period of less than 60 years. Antipater had an earlier version which replaced Lighthouse of Alexandria with the Walls of Babylon.[4] Lists which preceded the construction of Colossus of Rhodes completed their seven entries with the inclusion of the Ishtar Gate.